What Is Vertigo? Understanding the Symptoms, Causes, and Types of Dizziness

What is Vertigo?

Vertigo is a feeling that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving. Often, this sensation can make you feel off balance. Many people describe vertigo as dizziness, but it is more than just feeling lightheaded. Instead, vertigo gives a strong sense of movement even when you are still. Because vertigo can affect daily life, it is important to understand its causes and treatment options.

Common Symptoms of Vertigo

Vertigo symptoms can vary from person to person. However, most people notice a spinning feeling. In addition, you may experience:

Nausea or vomiting

Loss of balance or unsteadiness

Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)

Headaches

Feeling like you are tilting or swaying

Abnormal eye movements

Sometimes, these symptoms can last for a few seconds. Other times, they may last much longer. Because vertigo can be mild or severe, it is important to pay attention to your symptoms.

Causes of Vertigo

Vertigo can have several causes. Most often, it is linked to problems in the inner ear. The inner ear helps control balance. Some common causes include:

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): This is the most common cause. It happens when tiny crystals in the ear move out of place.

Meniere’s Disease: This condition causes fluid buildup in the inner ear. It can lead to vertigo, hearing loss, and ringing in the ears.

Vestibular Neuritis: This is an infection or inflammation of the inner ear nerve. It often causes sudden, severe vertigo.

Head injuries: Trauma can damage the inner ear or nerves.

Migraines: Some people get vertigo with their migraine headaches.

In rare cases, vertigo can be caused by other medical conditions. For example, stroke or tumors may affect balance centers in the brain.

How Vertigo is Diagnosed

Doctors use several methods to diagnose vertigo. First, they will ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they may perform a physical exam. Often, this includes checking your balance and eye movements. In some cases, your doctor may order tests, such as:

Hearing tests

Balance tests

Imaging scans, like MRI or CT

Blood tests to rule out infections

Because vertigo has many causes, your doctor may refer you to a specialist, such as an ENT doctor or neurologist.

Treatment Options for Vertigo

Treatment for vertigo depends on the cause. For example, BPPV can often be treated with special head movements called the Epley maneuver. Other treatment options include:

Medications to reduce nausea or dizziness

Physical therapy to improve balance

Vestibular rehabilitation exercises

Hearing aids for hearing loss

In rare cases, surgery

Sometimes, vertigo goes away on its own. However, treatment can help you recover faster and prevent future episodes. If you are looking for vertigo treatment in your city, many clinics offer specialized care.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

There are steps you can take to reduce your risk of vertigo. For instance, you can:

Move slowly when getting up or turning your head

Stay hydrated and eat a balanced diet

Avoid sudden head movements

Manage stress and get enough sleep

Limit salt and caffeine if you have Meniere’s disease

Because some causes of vertigo cannot be prevented, these tips may help lower your chances of an episode. In addition, regular check-ups can help catch problems early.

When to See a Doctor

Sometimes, vertigo can be a sign of a serious problem. You should see a doctor if you:

Have frequent or severe vertigo attacks

Notice hearing loss or ringing in your ears

Experience double vision, weakness, or trouble speaking

Have vertigo after a head injury

Cannot keep food or water down

Early treatment can help prevent complications. If you are unsure, it is always best to ask a healthcare professional.

If you experience symptoms of vertigo, consult an ENT specialist for personalized advice.